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Zjistěte, zda má výraz duplicitní závorky nebo ne

Vzhledem k vyváženému výrazu zjistěte, zda obsahuje duplicitní závorky nebo ne. Sada závorek je duplicitní, pokud je stejný podvýraz obklopen více závorkami. 

Příklady:  



    Below expressions have duplicate parenthesis -      
((a+b)+((c+d)))
The subexpression 'c+d' is surrounded by two
pairs of brackets.

(((a+(b)))+(c+d))
The subexpression 'a+(b)' is surrounded by two
pairs of brackets.

(((a+(b))+c+d))
The whole expression is surrounded by two
pairs of brackets.

((a+(b))+(c+d))
(b) and ((a+(b)) is surrounded by two
pairs of brackets but it will not be counted as duplicate.

Below expressions don't have any duplicate parenthesis -
((a+b)+(c+d))
No subexpression is surrounded by duplicate
brackets.

Dá se předpokládat, že daný výraz je platný a nejsou v něm žádná bílá místa. 

Cílem je použít zásobník. Iterujte daným výrazem a pro každý znak ve výrazu, pokud je znakem otevřená závorka '(' nebo jej některý z operátorů či operandů posune na vrchol zásobníku. Pokud je znak těsnou závorkou ')', pak vytahujte znaky ze zásobníku, dokud se nenajde odpovídající otevřená závorka '(' a použije se počítadlo, jehož hodnota se zvýší pro každý nalezený znak ', dokud se nenarazí na číslo otevření '. pár závorek, který se rovná hodnotě počítadla je menší než 1, pak je nalezen pár duplicitních závorek, jinak se nevyskytují nadbytečné páry závorek. Například ((a+b))+c) má duplicitní závorky kolem 'a+b'. Když narazíte na druhé ')' po a+b, zásobník obsahuje '(('. Protože horní část zásobníku je otevírací závorka, lze usoudit, že existují duplicitní závorky.

Níže je uvedena implementace výše uvedené myšlenky: 



C++
// C++ program to find duplicate parenthesis in a // balanced expression #include    using namespace std; // Function to find duplicate parenthesis in a // balanced expression bool findDuplicateparenthesis(string str) {  // create a stack of characters  stack<char> Stack;  // Iterate through the given expression  for (char ch : str)  {  // if current character is close parenthesis ')'  if (ch == ')')  {  // pop character from the stack  char top = Stack.top();  Stack.pop();  // stores the number of characters between a   // closing and opening parenthesis  // if this count is less than or equal to 1  // then the brackets are redundant else not  int elementsInside = 0;  while (top != '(')  {  elementsInside++;  top = Stack.top();  Stack.pop();  }  if(elementsInside < 1) {  return 1;  }  }  // push open parenthesis '(' operators and  // operands to stack  else  Stack.push(ch);  }  // No duplicates found  return false; } // Driver code int main() {  // input balanced expression  string str = '(((a+(b))+(c+d)))';  if (findDuplicateparenthesis(str))  cout << 'Duplicate Found ';  else  cout << 'No Duplicates Found ';  return 0; } 
Java
import java.util.Stack; // Java program to find duplicate parenthesis in a  // balanced expression  public class GFG { // Function to find duplicate parenthesis in a  // balanced expression   static boolean findDuplicateparenthesis(String s) {  // create a stack of characters   Stack<Character> Stack = new Stack<>();  // Iterate through the given expression   char[] str = s.toCharArray();  for (char ch : str) {  // if current character is close parenthesis ')'   if (ch == ')') {  // pop character from the stack   char top = Stack.peek();  Stack.pop();  // stores the number of characters between a   // closing and opening parenthesis   // if this count is less than or equal to 1   // then the brackets are redundant else not   int elementsInside = 0;  while (top != '(') {  elementsInside++;  top = Stack.peek();  Stack.pop();  }  if (elementsInside < 1) {  return true;  }  } // push open parenthesis '(' operators and   // operands to stack   else {  Stack.push(ch);  }  }  // No duplicates found   return false;  } // Driver code  public static void main(String[] args) {  // input balanced expression   String str = '(((a+(b))+(c+d)))';  if (findDuplicateparenthesis(str)) {  System.out.println('Duplicate Found ');  } else {  System.out.println('No Duplicates Found ');  }  } } 
Python
# Python3 program to find duplicate  # parenthesis in a balanced expression  # Function to find duplicate parenthesis  # in a balanced expression  def findDuplicateparenthesis(string): # create a stack of characters  Stack = [] # Iterate through the given expression  for ch in string: # if current character is  # close parenthesis ')'  if ch == ')': # pop character from the stack  top = Stack.pop() # stores the number of characters between  # a closing and opening parenthesis  # if this count is less than or equal to 1  # then the brackets are redundant else not  elementsInside = 0 while top != '(': elementsInside += 1 top = Stack.pop() if elementsInside < 1: return True # push open parenthesis '(' operators  # and operands to stack  else: Stack.append(ch) # No duplicates found  return False # Driver Code if __name__ == '__main__': # input balanced expression  string = '(((a+(b))+(c+d)))' if findDuplicateparenthesis(string) == True: print('Duplicate Found') else: print('No Duplicates Found') # This code is contributed by Rituraj Jain 
C#
// C# program to find duplicate parenthesis  // in a balanced expression  using System; using System.Collections.Generic; class GFG  { // Function to find duplicate parenthesis  // in a balanced expression  static Boolean findDuplicateparenthesis(String s)  {  // create a stack of characters   Stack<char> Stack = new Stack<char>();  // Iterate through the given expression   char[] str = s.ToCharArray();  foreach (char ch in str)   {  // if current character is   // close parenthesis ')'   if (ch == ')')   {  // pop character from the stack   char top = Stack.Peek();  Stack.Pop();  // stores the number of characters between  // a closing and opening parenthesis   // if this count is less than or equal to 1   // then the brackets are redundant else not   int elementsInside = 0;  while (top != '(')   {  elementsInside++;  top = Stack.Peek();  Stack.Pop();  }  if (elementsInside < 1)   {  return true;  }  }     // push open parenthesis '('   // operators and operands to stack   else   {  Stack.Push(ch);  }  }  // No duplicates found   return false; } // Driver code  public static void Main(String[] args) {  // input balanced expression   String str = '(((a+(b))+(c+d)))';  if (findDuplicateparenthesis(str))  {  Console.WriteLine('Duplicate Found ');  }   else   {  Console.WriteLine('No Duplicates Found ');  } } } // This code is contributed by 29AjayKumar 
JavaScript
// JavaScript program to find duplicate parentheses in a balanced expression function findDuplicateParenthesis(s) {  let stack = [];  // Iterate through the given expression  for (let ch of s) {    // If current character is a closing parenthesis ')'  if (ch === ')') {  let top = stack.pop();    // Count the number of elements  // inside the parentheses  let elementsInside = 0;  while (top !== '(') {  elementsInside++;  top = stack.pop();  }    // If there's nothing or only one element   // inside it's redundant  if (elementsInside < 1) {  return true;  }  }   // Push open parenthesis '(' operators and operands to stack  else {  stack.push(ch);  }  }  // No duplicates found  return false; } // Driver code let str = '(((a+(b))+(c+d)))'; if (findDuplicateParenthesis(str)) {  console.log('Duplicate Found'); } else {  console.log('No Duplicates Found'); } // This code is contributed by rag2127 

Výstup
Duplicate Found 

výstup:  

Duplicate Found

Časová složitost výše uvedeného roztoku je O(n). 

Pomocný prostor používaný programem je O(n).